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Zygophyllaceae

Zygophyllaceae R. Br. - Caltrop Family

1. Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile

(Agialid abyssinica, Agialid aegyptiaca, Agialid arabica, Agialid barteri, Agialid chevalieri, Agialid cuneifolia, Agialid glomerata, Agialid latifolia, Agialid membranacea, Agialid nigra, Agialid palestinaca, Agialid schimperi, Agialid senegalensis, Agialid tombouctensis, Balanites aegyptiacus, Balanites arabica, Balanites fischeri, Balanites latifolia, Balanites suckertii, Canthium zizyphoides, Ximenia aegyptiaca)

Common names: desert date, Egyptian myrobalan, heglig, hidjihi, hijlij, inteishit, lalob, soap berry tree, Thron tree, Zachum oil tree

Extract from Wikipedia article: Balanites aegyptiaca is a species of tree, classified either as a member of the Zygophyllaceae or the Balanitaceae. This tree is native to much of Africa and parts of the Middle East.

Desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) on roadside of Salwa Highway near Saliyah military housing south-west from Doha. Qatar, March 25, 2016 Desert date tree (Balanites aegyptiaca) on roadside of Salwa Highway near Saliyah military housing south-west from Doha. Qatar, March 25, 2016 Foliage of desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) on roadside of Salwa Highway near Saliyah military housing south-west from Doha. Qatar, March 25, 2016 Group of desert date trees (lalob, Balanites aegyptiaca) on roadside of Salwa Highway near Saliyah military housing south-west from Doha. Qatar, March 25, 2016 Desert date trees (Balanites aegyptiaca) from other side of a fence on roadside of Salwa Highway near Saliyah military housing south-west from Doha. Qatar, March 25, 2016 Smaller tree of desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) behind a fence on roadside of Salwa Highway near Saliyah military housing south-west from Doha. Qatar, March 25, 2016 Foliage of desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) behind a fence on roadside of Salwa Highway near Saliyah military housing south-west from Doha. Qatar, March 25, 2016 Green branches of desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) behind a fence on roadside of Salwa Highway near Saliyah military housing south-west from Doha. Qatar, March 25, 2016 Shoot of desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) taken from roadside of Salwa Highway near Saliyah military housing south-west from Doha. Qatar, March 25, 2016 Branches of desert date trees (Balanites aegyptiaca) on roadside of Salwa Highway near Saliyah military housing south-west from Doha. Qatar, April 29, 2016 Green branches of desert date trees (Balanites aegyptiaca) on roadside of Salwa Highway near Saliyah military housing south-west from Doha. Qatar, April 29, 2016 Desert date trees (Balanites aegyptiaca) on roadside of Salwa Highway near Saliyah military housing south-west from Doha. Qatar, April 29, 2016 Blooming desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) on roadside of Salwa Highway near Saliyah military housing south-west from Doha. Qatar, May 27, 2016 Desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) with green flowers on roadside of Salwa Highway near Saliyah military housing south-west from Doha. Qatar, May 27, 2016 Flowers of desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) on roadside of Salwa Highway near Saliyah military housing south-west from Doha. Qatar, May 27, 2016 Green flowers of desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) on roadside of Salwa Highway near Saliyah military housing south-west from Doha. Qatar, May 27, 2016 Branch of desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) with green flowers on roadside of Salwa Highway near Saliyah military housing south-west from Doha. Qatar, May 27, 2016

2. Fagonia bruguieri DC.

(Fagonia echinella, Fagonia olivieri)

Common names: dereima, Dhuraymah, shaki, shoka, showeika

A flower and fruits of DHuraymah desert plant (Fagonia bruguieri) found near Dar Al Salam Compound in Abu Hamour. Doha, Qatar, April 13, 2013 DHuraymah desert plant (Fagonia bruguieri) found near Dar Al Salam Compound in Abu Hamour. Doha, Qatar, April 13, 2013 DHuraymah desert plant (Fagonia bruguieri) found near near Dar Al Salam Compound, Abu Hamour area. Doha, Qatar, May 10, 2013 Fagonia bruguieri (Fagonia echinella, local names dereima, showeika, shaki, shoka, Dhuraymah) in sand near Trainah in southern Qatar, February 14, 2014 Fagonia bruguieri (Fagonia echinella, local names dereima, showeika, shaki, shoka, Dhuraymah) near Harrarah in southern Qatar, February 14, 2014 Fagonia bruguieri near State Mosque. Doha, Qatar, March 19, 2014 Large bush of Fagonia bruguieri near State Mosque. Doha, Qatar, March 19, 2014 Fagonia bruguieri (Fagonia echinella, local names dereima, showeika, shaki, shoka, Dhuraymah) near Al Muhandiseen Street in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, May 7, 2014 Fagonia bruguieri(?) growing on a sidewalk of Meshrif Street near West Bay. Doha, Qatar, August 23, 2014 Large bush of Fagonia bruguieri in Onaiza area. Doha, Qatar, March 10, 2015 Prostrate plant of Fagonia bruguieri (Fagonia echinella, local names dereima, showeika, shaki, shoka, Dhuraymah)(?) in a roadside depression near Salwa Road. Qatar, April 22, 2016 Fruits of Fagonia bruguieri(?) taken from a roadside depression near Salwa Road. Qatar, April 22, 2016 Branch of Fagonia bruguieri(?) taken from a roadside depression near Salwa Road. Qatar, April 22, 2016

3. Fagonia glutinosa Del.

Common names: dereima, shaki, shoka, showeika

Desert plant Fagonia glutinosa (local names dereima, showeika, shaki, shoka) near a road to Saudi Arabia in southern Qatar, February 11, 2014 Prostrate desert plant Fagonia glutinosa (local names dereima, showeika, shaki, shoka) near a road to Saudi Arabia in southern Qatar, February 11, 2014 Flower of a desert plant Fagonia glutinosa (local names dereima, showeika, shaki, shoka) near a road to Sawda Natheel in southern Qatar, February 11, 2014 Leaves of a desert plant Fagonia glutinosa (local names dereima, showeika, shaki, shoka) near a road to Sawda Natheel in southern Qatar, February 11, 2014

4. Fagonia indica Burm. f.

(Fagonia aucheri, Fagonia mysorensis, Fagonia parviflora, Fagonia persica)

Common names: dereima, handagog, shaki, shoka, showeika

Purple flower of Fagonia indica or ovalifolia(?) (local name Dhreima or DHuraymah, shwaikah) in a desert. Harrarah, 40 miles south-west from Doha. Qatar, March 5, 2010 Fagonia indica (local names dereima, showeika, shaki, shoka) in sand near Trainah in southern Qatar, February 14, 2014 Seedling of Fagonia indica growing in silt in area of Ras Laffan farms. Northern Qatar, February 28, 2014 Fagonia indica(?) near a beach in Marouna. Northern Qatar, December 19, 2014 Fagonia indica with insect galls or swellings on rocky ridge of Jebel Fuwairit. Qatar, January 31, 2015 Fagonia indica with a flower, a fruit and insect galls on rocky ridge of Jebel Fuwairit. Northern Qatar, January 31, 2015 Blooming Fagonia indica in windblown sand on roadside of Salwa Road in area of Rawdat Ekdaim. Southern Qatar, April 11, 2015 Fagonia indica with flowers in windblown sand on roadside of Salwa Road in area of Rawdat Ekdaim. Southern Qatar, April 11, 2015 Insect galls on Fagonia indica taken from Salwa Road in area of Rawdat Ekdaim. Southern Qatar, October 23, 2015 Insect galls (malformed growth) on Fagonia indica taken from Salwa Road in area of Rawdat Ekdaim. Southern Qatar, October 23, 2015 Fagonia indica(?) in a large roadside depression near Route 77 to Ras Laffan. Qatar, February 6, 2016 Plant of Fagonia indica on sand dunes in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, April 8, 2016 White blooming plant of Fagonia indica on the slope of limestone hills in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 White phenotype of Fagonia indica on the slope of limestone hills in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 Blooming plant of Fagonia indica on the slope of limestone hills in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 White phenotype of Fagonia indica on the slope of limestone hills in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 White flowering of Fagonia indica on the slope of limestone hills in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 White flowers of Fagonia indica on the slope of limestone hills in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 White flowering phenotype of Fagonia indica on the slope of limestone hills in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 Dry plant of Fagonia indica(?) on roadside in area of Jebel Al-Nakhsh (Khashm an Nakhsh). South-western Qatar, June 10, 2016

5. Fagonia ovalifolia

Common names: dereima, shaki, shoka, showeika

Seedling of Fagonia ovalifolia(?) on sand in area of Jebel Al-Nakhsh in south-western Qatar, February 7, 2014 Fagonia ovalifolia(?) in windblown sand on roadside of Salwa Road in area of Rawdat Ekdaim. Southern Qatar, April 11, 2015 Plant of Fagonia ovalifolia(?) in windblown sand on roadside of Salwa Road in area of Khashem Al Nekhsh. Southern Qatar, March 18, 2016 Blooming plant of Fagonia ovalifolia(?) in windblown sand on roadside of Salwa Road in area of Khashem Al Nekhsh. Southern Qatar, March 18, 2016 Plant of Fagonia ovalifolia(?) on a gravel plane in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016

6. Fagonia tenuifolia Steud. & Hochst. ex Boiss.

(Fagonia bischarorum, Fagonia flamandi)

Fagonia tenuifolia on roadside of a road to Zubara in Al Magdah farms area, in north-western Qatar, February 22, 2014 Fagonia tenuifolia with flowers on roadside of a road to Zubara in Al Magdah farms area, in north-western Qatar, February 22, 2014 Striped Hawkmoth caterpillar (Hyles livornica) feeding on Fagonia tenuifolia(?) in area of Ras Laffan farms. Northern Qatar, February 28, 2014 Close up of Striped Hawkmoth caterpillar (Hyles livornica) feeding on Fagonia tenuifolia(?) in area of Ras Laffan farms. Northern Qatar, February 28, 2014

7. Seetzenia lanata (Willd.) Bull.

(Seetzenia africana, Seetzenia orientalis, Seetzenia prostrata, Zygophyllum lanatum, Zygophyllum prostratum)

Common names: Habyan

Desert plant Seetzenia lanata (Zygophyllum lanatum, local name Habyan) near a road to Saudi Arabia in southern Qatar, February 11, 2014 Desert plant Seetzenia lanata (Zygophyllum lanatum, local name Habyan) in sand near a road to Saudi Arabia in southern Qatar, February 11, 2014 Seetzenia lanata (Zygophyllum lanatum, Seetzenia africana, Seetzenia orientalis, local name Habyan) in sand near Umm Bab in south-western Qatar, February 21, 2014 Desert plant Seetzenia lanata (Zygophyllum lanatum, Seetzenia africana, Seetzenia orientalis, local name Habyan) in sand near Umm Bab in south-western Qatar, February 21, 2014 Desert plant Seetzenia lanata (Zygophyllum lanatum, local name Habyan) near Umm Bab in south-western Qatar, February 21, 2014 Central hub of a desert plant Seetzenia lanata (Zygophyllum lanatum, local name Habyan) near Umm Bab in south-western Qatar, February 21, 2014 Creeping desert plant Seetzenia lanata (Zygophyllum lanatum, local name Habyan) near Umm Bab in south-western Qatar, February 21, 2014 Desert plant Seetzenia lanata (Zygophyllum lanatum, local name Habyan) with flowers near Umm Bab in south-western Qatar, February 21, 2014 Seetzenia lanata (local name Habyan) at entrance of Ras Abrouq Peninsula near Zekreet. Qatar, November 14, 2014 Blooming plant of Seetzenia lanata (Zygophyllum lanatum, Seetzenia africana, Seetzenia orientalis, local name Habyan) near a road to Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 Spreading plant of Seetzenia lanata (Zygophyllum lanatum, Seetzenia africana, Seetzenia orientalis, local name Habyan) near a road to Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 Seetzenia lanata (Zygophyllum lanatum, Seetzenia africana, Seetzenia orientalis, local name Habyan) with a flower near a road to Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 Prostrate plant of Seetzenia lanata (Zygophyllum lanatum, Seetzenia africana, Seetzenia orientalis, local name Habyan) near a road to Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 Seetzenia lanata plant near a road to Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 Seetzenia lanata (Zygophyllum lanatum, local name Habyan) with a flower on a gravel plane in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 Seetzenia lanata (Zygophyllum lanatum, local name Habyan) with a fruit on a gravel plane in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 Flowers of Seetzenia lanata (Zygophyllum lanatum, local name Habyan) on a gravel plane in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 Blooming Seetzenia lanata (Zygophyllum lanatum, local name Habyan) on white background on a gravel plane in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016

8. Tetraena qatarensis (Hadidi) Beier & Thulin

(Zygophyllum hamiense, Zygophyllum qatarense)

Common names: Bean caper, harm Qatari

Succulent leaves of salt tolerant plant Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) in desert on hills of Harrarah, 40 miles south-west from Doha. Qatar, March 5, 2010 Seedling of Zygophyllum qatarense germinated after recent rains. Harrarah, 40 miles south-west from Doha. Qatar, March 5, 2010 Seedling of a desert plant Zygophyllum qatarense. Harrarah, 40 miles south-west from Doha. Qatar, March 5, 2010 Blooming Zygophyllum qatarense in Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, March 4, 2011 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) plant east from Arch (Rainbow) Roundabout. Doha, Qatar, April 9, 2011 Close up of Zygophyllum qatarense plant east from Arch (Rainbow) Roundabout. Doha, Qatar, April 9, 2011 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) plant east from Arch (Rainbow) Roundabout. Doha, Qatar, April 16, 2011 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) plant with fruits east from Arch (Rainbow) Roundabout. Doha, Qatar, April 16, 2011 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) plant in sand east from Arch (Rainbow) Roundabout. Doha, Qatar, April 16, 2011 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) plant with small flowers east from Arch (Rainbow) Roundabout. Doha, Qatar, April 16, 2011 Desert plant Zygophyllum qatarense near Harrarah, west from Mesayeed, south-west from Doha. Qatar, March 19, 2013 Close up of desert plant Zygophyllum qatarense near Harrarah, west from Mesayeed, south-west from Doha. Qatar, March 19, 2013 Desert plant Zygophyllum qatarense in sand near Harrarah, west from Mesayeed, south-west from Doha. Qatar, March 19, 2013 Flower buds of desert plant Zygophyllum qatarense near Harrarah, west from Mesayeed, south-west from Doha. Qatar, March 19, 2013 Halophyte plant Zygophyllum qatarense in desert near industrial zone of Ras Laffan, north from Doha. Qatar, March 23, 2013 Seedling of Zygophyllum qatarense plant in area of Jebel Al-Nakhsh in south-western Qatar, February 7, 2014 Succulent twig of Zygophyllum qatarense plant in area of Jebel Al-Nakhsh in south-western Qatar, February 7, 2014 Green seedling of desert plant Zygophyllum qatarense in area of Jebel Al-Nakhsh in south-western Qatar, February 7, 2014 Compact seedling of desert plant Zygophyllum qatarense among sand in area of Jebel Al-Nakhsh in south-western Qatar, February 7, 2014 Seedling of Zygophyllum qatarense (Tetraena qatarense) on sand in area of Jebel Al-Nakhsh in south-western Qatar, February 7, 2014 Seedling of a desert plant Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) near a road to Saudi Arabia in southern Qatar, February 11, 2014 Purple seedling of a desert plant Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) in sand near a road to Saudi Arabia in southern Qatar, February 11, 2014 Purple seedling of a desert plant Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) covered by sand near a road to Saudi Arabia in southern Qatar, February 11, 2014 Seedling of a desert plant Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) in sand on a roadside in southern Qatar, February 11, 2014 Seedling of a desert plant Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) on a roadside of Abu Samra Road in southern Qatar, February 11, 2014 Red-purple tinged seedling of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense, local name harm) in sand near Harrarah in southern Qatar, February 14, 2014 Seedling of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense, local name harm) in sand near Harrarah in southern Qatar, February 14, 2014 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense, local name harm) in sand near Harrarah in southern Qatar, February 14, 2014 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) on salty wasteland in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, February 15, 2014 Seedling of desert plant Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) in sand near Umm Bab in south-western Qatar, February 21, 2014 Purple tinged seedling of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense, local name harm) in sand near Umm Bab in south-western Qatar, February 21, 2014 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense, local name harm) covered by sand near Umm Bab in south-western Qatar, February 21, 2014 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense, local name harm) in sand near Umm Bab in south-western Qatar, February 21, 2014 Seedling of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense, local name harm) covered by sand near Umm Bab in south-western Qatar, February 21, 2014 Seedling of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense, local name harm) in sand near Umm Bab in south-western Qatar, February 21, 2014 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) near Dukhan Road. Western Qatar, March 1, 2014 Desert Hyacinth (Cistanche tubulosa, dhanoon, Tartuth) with a host plant Zygophyllum qatarense at entrance of Umm Bab in south-western Qatar, March 3, 2014 Seedling of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense, local name harm) in a runnel north from Dukhan in western Qatar, March 3, 2014 Green seedling of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense, local name harm) in sands south from Sealine Beach Resort. Southern Qatar, March 5, 2014 Salt tolerant plant Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense, local name harm) in empty area north from crossing of Al Istiqlal and Al Markhiya streets in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, April 25, 2014 Salt tolerant plant Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense, local name harm) in empty area north from crossing of Al Istiqlal and Al Markhiya streets in West Bay at sunrise. Doha, Qatar, April 25, 2014 Salt tolerant plant Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense, local name harm) with fruits in empty area north from crossing of Al Istiqlal and Al Markhiya streets in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, April 25, 2014 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense, local name harm) taken from empty area north from crossing of Al Istiqlal and Al Markhiya streets in West Bay at sunrise. Doha, Qatar, April 25, 2014 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense, local name harm) in empty area north from crossing of Al Istiqlal and Al Markhiya streets in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, April 28, 2014 Seeds of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) taken from salty wasteland in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, August 17, 2014 Brown seeds of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) taken from salty wasteland in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, August 17, 2014 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) with seeds on salty wasteland in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, August 23, 2014 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) with brown seeds on salty wasteland in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, August 23, 2014 Ripening seeds of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) on salty wasteland in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, August 23, 2014 Yellowish Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) on salty wasteland in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, August 23, 2014 Brownish Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) with seeds on salty wasteland in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, August 23, 2014 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) with seeds growing on a sidewalk of Meshrif Street near West Bay. Doha, Qatar, August 23, 2014 Brown seeds of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) on salty wasteland in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, August 23, 2014 Brown seeds of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) carpeting ground on salty wasteland in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, August 23, 2014 Large bush of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) on salty wasteland in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, September 5, 2014 Magenta tinged seedling of a desert plant Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) on Jebel Fuwairit. Qatar, October 3, 2014 Blooming Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) on a beach in the area of Al Hamala (Al Hamlah) Water Well near Umm Bab. South-western Qatar, January 10, 2015 Brown leaves of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) on a beach in the area of Al Hamala (Al Hamlah) Water Well near Umm Bab. South-western Qatar, January 10, 2015 Parasitic plant Desert Thumb (Cynomorium coccineum, local name tartouth) with a host plant Zygophyllum qatarense on a beach in the area of Al Hamala (Al Hamlah) Water Well near Umm Bab. South-western Qatar, January 10, 2015 Parasitic plants of Desert Thumb (Cynomorium coccineum, local name tartouth) forming "fairy ring" circle near a host plant Zygophyllum qatarense on a beach in the area of Al Hamala (Al Hamlah) Water Well near Umm Bab. South-western Qatar, January 10, 2015 Slender twig of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) plant taken from a beach near Salwa Road in Abu Samra, near Saudi border. Southern Qatar, March 21, 2015 Skeleton of a dry plant of Zygophyllum qatarense(?) in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, March 27, 2015 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) plant submerged by sand in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, March 27, 2015 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) in windblown sand on roadside of Salwa Road in area of Rawdat Ekdaim. Southern Qatar, April 11, 2015 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) in windblown sand on roadside of Salwa Road in area of Rawdat Ekdaim. Southern Qatar, April 11, 2015 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) on a slope of Jebel Fuwairit. Northern Qatar, April 17, 2015 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) plant near Al Khor Hospital. Qatar, April 24, 2015 Close up of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) plant near Al Khor Hospital. Qatar, April 24, 2015 Dry plant skeleton of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense)(?) in area of Nakhsh Mountain near Salwa Road in southern Qatar, May 8, 2015 Almost dry plant of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) on a rocky ridge in Jabal Al Jassasiya rock carving site, on north-eastern coast. Qatar, May 9, 2015 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense, local name harm) in sand on roadside between Mesaieed and Al Wakra. Southern Qatar, July 4, 2015 Malformed plant of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) on roadside of Salwa Road in area of Khashem Al Nekhsh. Southern Qatar, July 11, 2015 Malformed plant of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) damaged by mites on roadside of Salwa Road in area of Khashem Al Nekhsh. Southern Qatar, July 11, 2015 Plants of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) on sand in Mazhabya Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, July 11, 2015 Almost dry plant of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) on sand in Mazhabya Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, July 11, 2015 Bright green plant of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) on roadside of Salwa Road in area of Rawdat Ekdaim. Southern Qatar, July 11, 2015 Malformed plant of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) taken from roadside of Salwa Road in area of Khashem Al Nekhsh. Qatar, July 11, 2015 Close up of a malformed plant of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) damaged by gall gnats(?) taken from roadside of Salwa Road in area of Khashem Al Nekhsh. Qatar, July 11, 2015 Plants of Zygophyllum qatarense in wind blown sand on a beach in the area of Al Hamala (Al Hamlah) Water Well near Umm Bab. South-western Qatar, September 11, 2015 Plant of Zygophyllum qatarense with spherical variation of leaves on a beach in the area of Al Hamala (Al Hamlah) Water Well near Umm Bab. South-western Qatar, September 11, 2015 Branch of a desert plant Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) taken from a spring of Qulmat Al Maszhabiya in Al Mashabiya Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, October 23, 2015 Seedling of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) on roadside between Mesayeed and Harrarah. Qatar, October 30, 2015 Seeds of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) in sand near Qulmat Al Maszhabiya in Al Mashabiya Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, October 31, 2015 Seedling of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) with dark purple stem in a depression on roadside of a road to Zubara, area of Al Magdah farms. Northern Qatar, November 7, 2015 Highly succulent form of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) on a shore near Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim) in Al Khor. Qatar, November 28, 2015 Reddish leaves of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense, local name harm) on roadside of Dukhan Highway near Al Shakhaniya. Qatar, January 15, 2016 Plants of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense, local name harm) in flat area east from Dukhan. Qatar, January 15, 2016 Blooming Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense, local name harm) in area of Jabal Al Jassasiya, on north-eastern coast. Qatar, January 29, 2016 Compact plant of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) on a tomb of Al Khor Cemetery in mist. North from Al Khor, Qatar, February 6, 2016 Salt-and-pepper moth (Utetheisa lotrix) or may be Utetheisa pulchella on Zygophyllum qatarense on sand dunes near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, March 4, 2016 Reddish plant of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) on a rocky ridge of Jebel Fuwairit. Northern Qatar, March 12, 2016 Succulent form of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) in area of Jebel Al-Nakhsh (Khashm an Nakhsh). South-western Qatar, March 25, 2016 Large bush of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, March 25, 2016 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) plant on a rocky ridge in Jabal Al Jassasiya, on north-eastern coast. Qatar, March 26, 2016 Highly succulent form of Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) in sand on roadside of a road from Khawzan to Al-Jumayliyah. Qatar, April 9, 2016 Tetraena qatarense (Zygophyllum qatarense) plant on a surface of limestone rock in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016

9. Tetraena simplex (L.) Beier & Thulin

(Fabago portulacifolius, Zygophyllum dregeanum, Zygophyllum microcarpum, Zygophyllum microphyllum, Zygophyllum obtusum, Zygophyllum portulacoides, Zygophyllum simplex)

Common names: daa, harm, hureim, Simple-leaved bean caper, umm thareeb

Blooming Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, harm, hureim) in Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, February 19, 2010 Succulent plant Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, harm, hureim) in desert. Harrarah, 40 miles south-west from Doha. Qatar, March 5, 2010 Blooming Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local name Daa, harm, hureim) in desert. Harrarah, 40 miles south-west from Doha, Qatar, March 12, 2010 Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local name Daa, harm, hureim) in area of Jebel Al-Nakhsh in south-western Qatar, February 7, 2014 Desert plant of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local names Daa, harm, hureim) near Sawda Natheel Road in southern Qatar, February 11, 2014 Desert plant Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local names Daa, harm, hureim) near a road to Sawda Natheel in southern Qatar, February 11, 2014 Blooming desert plant Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local names Daa, harm, hureim) near a road to Saudi Arabia in southern Qatar, February 11, 2014 Yellow flower of a desert plant Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local names Daa, harm, hureim) in a roadside depression of Abu Samra Road in southern Qatar, February 11, 2014 Desert plant of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local names Daa, harm, hureim) near Umm Bab in south-western Qatar, February 21, 2014 Blooming Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local names Daa, harm, hureim) on roadside of Salwa Road in south-western Qatar, February 21, 2014 Large plants of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, harm, hureim) on roadside of a road from Dukhan to Al Jumayliyah. Western Qatar, March 1, 2014 Large plants of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, harm, hureim) on roadside of a road from Dukhan to Al Jumayliyah. Western Qatar, March 1, 2014 Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local names Daa, harm, hureim) near a road north from Ash Shahaniyah. Western Qatar, March 1, 2014 Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, harm, hureim) forming a sand mound on roadside of Salwa Road, south-west from Doha. Qatar, April 23, 2014 Fruits of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, harm, hureim) on roadside of Salwa Road near Karaana, south-west from Doha. Qatar, April 23, 2014 Large plant of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local name Daa, harm, hureim) near Al Istiqlal Street in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, May 6, 2014 Bush of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local name Daa, harm, hureim) near Al Markhiya Street in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, May 7, 2014 Large plant of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local name Daa, harm, hureim) near Al Markhiya Street in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, May 7, 2014 Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local name Daa, harm, hureim) with ripening fruits near Al Markhiya Street in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, May 7, 2014 Pillow like plant of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, harm, hureim) on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, November 28, 2014 Seedling of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex)(?) near Al Khor Hospital. Qatar, January 9, 2015 Young plant of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex) near Al Khor Hospital. Qatar, January 9, 2015 Fruits of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex) taken from the area of Al Hamala (Al Hamlah) near Umm Bab. South-western Qatar, May 30, 2015 Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex) with fruits taken from the area of Al Hamala (Al Hamlah) near Umm Bab. South-western Qatar, May 30, 2015 Seedling of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex) in a silty depression on roadside of a road to Zubara, area of Al Magdah farms. Northern Qatar, October 24, 2015 Seedling of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex) with flowers in a silty depression on roadside of a road to Zubara, area of Al Magdah farms. Northern Qatar, October 24, 2015 Seedling of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex) on mud in a silty depression on roadside of a road to Zubara, area of Al Magdah farms. Northern Qatar, October 24, 2015 Blooming seedling of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local names Daa, harm, hureim) on roadside between Mesayeed and Harrarah. Qatar, October 30, 2015 Seedling of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local name Daa, harm, hureim) in a depression on roadside of a road to Zubara, area of Al Magdah farms. Northern Qatar, November 7, 2015 Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex) on white background in a depression on roadside of a road to Zubara, area of Al Magdah farms. Northern Qatar, November 7, 2015 Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex) plant shaped as rhombus near Dukhan Road. Shahaniya, Qatar, December 4, 2015 Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex) grown on a mat of Corchorus depressus near Dukhan Road. Shahaniya, Qatar, December 4, 2015 Cushions of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex) in roadside depression near a road from Al Shahaniya to Al Samriya north-east from camel race track. Lekhraib, Qatar, December 4, 2015 Mat of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local name Daa, harm, hureim) in roadside depression of Dukhan Highway. Qatar, January 15, 2016 Rectangular shape of simple-leaved bean caper Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local names Daa, harm, hureim) on roadside in area of Jebel Al-Nakhsh (Khashm an Nakhsh). South-western Qatar, March 25, 2016 Round plant of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local name Daa, harm, hureim) near limestone cliffs in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 Plant of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local name Daa, harm, hureim) on the top of limestone cliffs in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 Small purple tinged plant of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local name Daa, harm, hureim) on limestone cliffs in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 Purple tinged plant of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local name Daa, harm, hureim) in sand on limestone cliffs in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 Blooming plant of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local name Daa, harm, hureim) on a gravel plane in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 Flat plant of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local name Daa, harm, hureim) on a gravel plane in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 Plant of Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex, local name Daa, harm, hureim) with flowers on a gravel plane in Harrarah (Al Kharrarah). Southern Qatar, April 23, 2016 Zygophyllum simplex (Tetraena simplex) plant on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, May 28, 2016

10. Tribulus macropterus Boiss.

(Tribulus longipetalus, Tribulus pentandrus)

Common names: hasak, Shershir, Tribulus arabicus

Yellow flower of Tribulus macropterus on roadside of Dukhan Highway. Ash-Shahaniyah, Qatar, December 4, 2015 Tribulus macropterus on roadside of Dukhan Highway. Ash-Shahaniyah, Qatar, December 4, 2015 Shoot of Tribulus macropterus with a flower and fruits taken from a roadside of Dukhan Highway in Ash-Shahaniyah. Qatar, December 4, 2015 Fruit of Tribulus macropterus taken from a roadside of Dukhan Highway in Ash-Shahaniyah. Qatar, December 4, 2015 Tribulus macropterus with fruits taken from a roadside of Dukhan Highway in Ash-Shahaniyah. Qatar, December 4, 2015 Close up of Tribulus macropterus with fruits taken from a roadside of Dukhan Highway in Ash-Shahaniyah. Qatar, December 4, 2015 Fruits of Tribulus macropterus detached from the plant taken from a roadside of Dukhan Highway in Ash-Shahaniyah. Qatar, December 4, 2015 Fruits of Tribulus macropterus(?) taken from a roadside of roadside of Salwa Road near Abu Nakhlah. Qatar, December 11, 2015 Seedling of Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus on sand dunes near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, January 22, 2016 Young plant of Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus on sand dunes near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, January 22, 2016 Seedling of Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus emerging from sand in dunes near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, January 22, 2016 Seedling of Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus in sand near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, January 22, 2016 Flower of Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus in sand near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, January 22, 2016 Large yellow flower of Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus in sand near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, January 22, 2016 Blooming Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus in sand near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, January 22, 2016 Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus on sand dunes near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, February 26, 2016 Blooming Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus on sand dunes near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, February 26, 2016 Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus with a large flower on sand dunes near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, February 26, 2016 Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus with a yellow flower on sand dunes near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, February 26, 2016 Large yellow flower of Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus on sand dunes near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, February 26, 2016 Yellow flower of Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus on sand near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, February 26, 2016 Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus in bloom on sand near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, February 26, 2016 Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus on sand dunes near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, March 4, 2016 Fruits of Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus growing on sand dunes near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, March 4, 2016 Blooming Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus on sand dunes near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, March 4, 2016 Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus with flowers on sand dunes near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, March 4, 2016 Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus with yellow flowers on sand dunes near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, March 4, 2016 Blooming branch of Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus on sand dunes near the spring in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, March 4, 2016 Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus on sand in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, March 25, 2016 Blooming plant of Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus on sand in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, March 25, 2016 Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus on windblown sand at the foot of limestone cliffs in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, April 1, 2016 Blooming plant of Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus on windblown sand at the foot of limestone cliffs in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, April 1, 2016 Branch of Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus on sand in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, April 1, 2016 Blooming plant of Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus on windblown sand at the foot of limestone cliffs in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, April 1, 2016 Blooming plant of Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus on sand dunes in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, April 1, 2016 Blooming Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus in sandy area below a limestone cliff in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, April 8, 2016 Yellow flowers of Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus in sandy area in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, April 8, 2016 Yellow flower of Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus in sandy area in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, April 8, 2016 Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus on a hill slope in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, April 8, 2016 Blooming Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, April 8, 2016 Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus in sandy area in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, April 29, 2016 Blooming plant of Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus in sandy area in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, April 29, 2016 Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus with flowers in sandy area in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, April 29, 2016 Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus with flowers in windblown sand in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, April 29, 2016 Solitary plant of Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus in windblown sand in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, April 29, 2016 Solitary blooming plant of Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus in windblown sand in Maszhabiya (Al Mashabiya) Reserve near Abu Samra. Southern Qatar, April 29, 2016

11. Tribulus pentandrus Forssk.

(Tribulus alatus, Tribulus longipetalus)

Tribulus pentandrus near Abu Nahlah Road, south from Doha. Qatar, March 5, 2014 Tribulus pentandrus with a flower taken from Abu Nahlah Road, south from Doha. Qatar, March 5, 2014 Tribulus pentandrus with fruits taken from Abu Nahlah Road, south from Doha. Qatar, March 5, 2014 Back lit flower of Tribulus pentandrus(?) on Green Circles (center-pivot irrigation) in Irkhaya (Irkaya) Farms. South-western Qatar, October 25, 2014 Fruit of Tribulus pentandrus(?) on Green Circles (center-pivot irrigation) in Irkhaya (Irkaya) Farms. South-western Qatar, October 25, 2014 Blooming Tribulus pentandrus(?) on Green Circles (center-pivot irrigation) in Irkhaya (Irkaya) Farms. South-western Qatar, October 25, 2014 Mat of Tribulus pentandrus(?) on Green Circles (center-pivot irrigation) in Irkhaya (Irkaya) Farms. Qatar, August 21, 2015

12. Tribulus terrestris L.

(Tribulus acanthococcus, Tribulus albus, Tribulus bicornutus, Tribulus bimucronatus, Tribulus gussonii, Tribulus humifusus, Tribulus kotschyanus, Tribulus micans, Tribulus murex, Tribulus muricatus, Tribulus nogalensis)

Common names: Caltrop, gatha, hasak, Puncturevine, Tribulus lanuginosus

Extract from Wikipedia article: Tribulus terrestris is an annual plant in the Caltrop Family (Zygophyllaceae) widely distributed around the world, that is adapted to grow in dry climate locations in which few other plants can survive.

Puncturevine (Caltrop, Tribulus terrestris, Tribulus lanuginosus, local name hasak) in sand on roadside in southern Qatar, February 11, 2014 Flower of puncturevine (Caltrop, Tribulus terrestris, Tribulus lanuginosus, local name hasak) in sand near a road to Saudi Arabia in southern Qatar, February 11, 2014 Flower of puncturevine (Caltrop, Tribulus terrestris, Tribulus lanuginosus, local name hasak) on a roadside in southern Qatar, February 11, 2014 Yellow flowers of puncturevine (Caltrop, Tribulus terrestris, Tribulus lanuginosus, local name hasak) on a roadside in southern Qatar, February 11, 2014 Blooming puncturevine (Caltrop, Tribulus terrestris, Tribulus lanuginosus, local name hasak) on a roadside in southern Qatar, February 11, 2014 Puncturevine (caltrop, Tribulus terrestris) on a sidewalk of Al Diwan Street. Doha, Qatar, March 28, 2014 Puncturevine (Caltrop, Tribulus terrestris) on roadside of Salwa Road, south-west from Doha. Qatar, April 23, 2014 Puncturevine (Caltrop, Tribulus terrestris, local name hasak) taken from Al Luqta area. Doha, Qatar, March 13, 2015 Puncturevine (Caltrop, Tribulus terrestris) in a silty depression on roadside of a road to Zubara, area of Al Magdah farms. Northern Qatar, October 24, 2015

List of plant families

• Ephedraceae
• Acanthaceae
• Aizoaceae
• Amaranthaceae
• Anacardiaceae
• Annonaceae
• Apiaceae
• Apocynaceae
• Asphodelaceae
• Asteraceae
• Bignoniaceae
• Boraginaceae
• Brassicaceae
• Burseraceae
• Cactaceae
• Campanulaceae
• Capparaceae
• Caricaceae
• Caryophyllaceae
• Casuarinaceae
• Cistaceae
• Cleomaceae
• Combretaceae
• Convolvulaceae
• Cucurbitaceae
• Cynomoriaceae
• Didiereaceae
• Dioscoreaceae
• Ehretiaceae
• Euphorbiaceae
• Fabaceae
• Frankeniaceae
• Geraniaceae
• Goodeniaceae
• Heliotropiaceae
• Lamiaceae
• Linaceae
• Lythraceae
• Malpighiaceae
• Malvaceae
• Meliaceae
• Menispermaceae
• Moraceae
• Moringaceae
• Muntingiaceae
• Myrtaceae
• Neuradaceae
• Nyctaginaceae
• Oleaceae
• Onagraceae
• Orobanchaceae
• Oxalidaceae
• Papaveraceae
• Phyllanthaceae
• Plantaginaceae
• Plumbaginaceae
• Polygalaceae
• Polygonaceae
• Portulacaceae
• Primulaceae
• Resedaceae
• Rhamnaceae
• Rubiaceae
• Rutaceae
• Salvadoraceae
• Sapindaceae
• Sapotaceae
• Scrophulariaceae
• Solanaceae
• Tamaricaceae
• Typhaceae
• Urticaceae
• Verbenaceae
• Violaceae
• Zygophyllaceae
• Arecaceae
• Commelinaceae
• Cymodoceaceae
• Cyperaceae
• Hydrocharitaceae
• Juncaceae
• Liliaceae
• Poaceae
• Ruppiaceae

Links

• Unknown plants or plants without names.
• Duplicate and extra pictures of plants.
• Earlier version of collection of plants.
• Other collections of pictures from Qatar: Lizards of Qatar, Cats of Qatar, Camels of Qatar, and Fish of Qatar.
• Picture archives.
• Home page of A. Sergeev.

Outside links

• Ekhlas M. M. Abdel Bary, The Flora of Qatar, Volume I: The Dicotyledons. Doha 2012
• Flora of Qatar, Volume II: The Monocotyledons
• Illustrated Checklist of the Flora of Qatar. John Norton et al. 2009
• Qatar eNature. Flora
• Ali Al-Rawi, Flowering plants of Kuwait, 1985
• Plants of Kuwait
• Flora of Saudi Arabia, Al-Qassim Region
• Flora of Eastern Saudi Arabia by Rain and Dust at Flickr
• Plants of South-Western Morocco
• Pictures from Qatar (Flickr/cpmkutty)
• Arabian plants by Gary Brown
• Flora of Israel

How the web page was created

• A list of plants with their common names was written using online sources and books.
• Web pages were written by a program consisting of several scripts.
• Full names, synonyms, and classification of plants were found online from catalogueoflife.org and theplantlist.org using a script.
• Pictures of plants were selected from a database using a script.
• This web page was written using a script.

Acknowledgements

QNHG (Qatar Natural History Group) and associated people, for a possibility to participate in their field excursions and to learn about local nature.