Viola tricolor - Flora of Qatar

Viola tricolor, known as (exhaustingly) heartsease, heart's ease, heart's delight, tickle-my-fancy, Jack-jump-up-and-kiss-me, come-and-cuddle-me, three faces in a hood, or love-in-idleness, is a common European wild flower, growing as an annual or short-lived perennial. It has been introduced into North America, where it has spread widely, and is known as the johnny jump up (though this name is also applied to similar species such as the yellow pansy). It is the progenitor of the cultivated pansy, and is therefore sometimes called wild pansy; before the cultivated pansies were developed, "pansy" was an alternative name for the wild form.[+]

V. tricolor is a small plant of creeping and ramping habit, reaching at most 15 cm in height, with flowers about 1.5 cm in diameter. It grows in short grassland on farms and wasteland, chiefly on acid or neutral soils. It is usually found in partial shade. It flowers from April to September (in the northern hemisphere). The flowers can be purple, blue, yellow or white. They are hermaphrodite and self-fertile, pollinated by bees.

As its name implies, heartsease has a long history of use in herbalism. It has been recommended, among other uses, for epilepsy, asthma, skin diseases and eczema. V. tricolor has a history in folk medicine of helping respiratory problems such as bronchitis, asthma, and cold symptoms. It has expectorant properties, and so has been used in the treatment of chest complaints such as bronchitis and whooping cough. It is also a diuretic, leading to its use in treating rheumatism and cystitis.

The flowers have also been used to make yellow, green and blue-green dyes, while the leaves can be used to make a chemical indicator.

Long before cultivated pansies were released into the trade in 1839, V. tricolor was associated with thought in the "language of flowers", often by its alternative name of pansy (from the French "pensée" - thought): hence Ophelia's often quoted line in Shakespeare's Hamlet, "There's pansies, that's for thoughts". What Shakespeare had in mind was V. tricolor, not a modern garden pansy.

Shakespeare makes a more direct reference, probably to V. tricolor in A Midsummer Night's Dream. Oberon sends Puck to gather "a little western flower" that maidens call "love-in-idleness". Oberon's account is that he diverted an arrow from Cupid's bow aimed at "a fair vestal, throned by the west" (supposedly Queen Elizabeth I) to fall upon the plant "before milk-white, now purple with love's wound". The "imperial vot'ress" passes on "fancy-free", destined never to fall in love. The juice of the heartsease now, claims Oberon, "on sleeping eyelids laid, Will make or man or woman madly dote Upon the next live creature that it sees." Equipped with such powers, Oberon and Puck control the fates of various characters in the play to provide Shakespeare's essential dramatic and comic structure for the play.

AI-generated Description

Viola tricolor, also known as Johnny-jump-up or heartsease, is a small, annual or perennial flowering plant native to Europe and Asia. In Qatar, it is commonly cultivated as an ornamental plant, thriving in the country's mild winters. It has delicate, tri-colored flowers (typically purple, yellow, and white) and heart-shaped leaves. As an introduced species in Qatar, Viola tricolor often grows in gardens, parks, and landscapes, where it can bloom from December to April, adding a splash of color to the desert landscape.

AI-generated summary of observations

Observations of Viola tricolor in Qatar revealed its presence in urban areas, specifically in flowerbeds within parks. In the Onaiza area of Doha, the plant was spotted on Al Rafiei Street, where it was planted in a park. The observations took place on March 13, 2016, and noted the appearance of blue pansy flowers. The plants were thriving in the controlled environment of the flowerbed, suggesting that Viola tricolor can adapt to Qatar's climate when provided with suitable conditions. The flowers were visible and healthy, indicating successful cultivation in the region. This suggests that Viola tricolor can be a viable option for landscaping and gardening in Qatar's urban areas.

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Acknowledgements

QNHG (Qatar Natural History Group) and associated people, for a possibility to participate in their field excursions and to learn about local nature.

Viola tricolor L.

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Extract from Wikipedia article