Oldenlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution and has about 240 species. The type species for the genus is Oldenlandia corymbosa.[+]
Oldenlandia was named by Linnaeus in 1753 in Species Plantarum. The name honors the Danish botanist Henrik Bernard Oldenland (c.1663-1699). Some species are important in ethnomedicine; a number (usually island endemics) are threatened species, with one species and one variety being completely extinct already.
Some botanists have not recognized Oldenlandia, but have placed some or all of its species in a broadly defined Hedyotis. More recently, the circumscription of Hedyotis has been narrowed to a monophyletic group of about 115 species and no longer includes Oldenlandia. The genus Oldenlandia, as presently defined, is several times polyphyletic and will eventually be reduced to a group of species closely related to the type species. This group, known informally as Oldenlandia sensu stricto, is sister to a section of Kohautia that will eventually be separated from Kohautia and named as a new genus.
AI-generated description
Oldenlandia corymbosa is an annual herb native to tropical Asia and Africa. In Qatar, it has been found to grow in moist areas, such as near water sources and in shaded regions. The plant is characterized by its small size, typically reaching 10-30 cm in height, with opposite leaves and small white or pinkish flowers arranged in corymbs (flat-topped clusters). Studies in Qatar have reported the presence of O. corymbosa in various locations, including Al Wakra, Dukhan, and the Qatar University campus, often in association with other weed species. The plant's adaptability to Qatar's arid climate suggests its potential as a resilient and potentially invasive species in the region.
Snake tongue grass (Corymbose Hedyotis, Oldenlandia corymbosa) with flowers and fruit capsules in shady area near back entrance of Weill Cornell Medical College on campus of Education City. Doha, Qatar, May 7, 2014
Snake tongue grass (Corymbose Hedyotis, Oldenlandia corymbosa) on Al Sanaa Street in Al Jebailat area near West Bay. Doha, Qatar, May 7, 2015
Snake tongue grass (Corymbose Hedyotis, Oldenlandia corymbosa) with seed capsules on Al Sanaa Street in Al Jebailat area near West Bay. Doha, Qatar, May 7, 2015
Snake tongue grass (Corymbose Hedyotis, Oldenlandia corymbosa) growing among rocks and trash on Al Sanaa Street in Al Jebailat area near West Bay. Doha, Qatar, May 7, 2015
Snake tongue grass (Corymbose Hedyotis, Oldenlandia corymbosa) taken from Al Sanaa Street in Al Jebailat area near West Bay. Doha, Qatar, May 7, 2015
Seed capsules of snake tongue grass (Corymbose Hedyotis, Oldenlandia corymbosa) taken from Al Sanaa Street in Al Jebailat area near West Bay. Doha, Qatar, May 7, 2015
Snake tongue grass (Corymbose Hedyotis, Oldenlandia corymbosa) on white background taken from Al Sanaa Street in Al Jebailat area near West Bay. Doha, Qatar, May 7, 2015
Snake tongue grass (Corymbose Hedyotis, Oldenlandia corymbosa) on dark background taken from Al Sanaa Street in Al Jebailat area near West Bay. Doha, Qatar, May 7, 2015
Snake tongue grass (Corymbose Hedyotis, Oldenlandia corymbosa) growing on roadside of Al Sanaa Street in Al Jebailat area near West Bay. Doha, Qatar, May 8, 2015
AI-generated summary of observations
Oldenlandia corymbosa was observed in various locations in Qatar, including the Education City campus and Al Jebailat area near West Bay. The plant was found growing in shady areas, among rocks and trash, and on roadides. It produced flowers and fruit capsules, which were observed in May 2014 and 2015. The seed capsules were also examined and photographed on white and dark backgrounds. The plant's ability to thrive in different environments was noted, as it was found growing in both natural and urban settings. Observations were made over two consecutive years, with multiple sightings in the Al Jebailat area, indicating that Oldenlandia corymbosa is a common species in Qatar. Its growth patterns and reproductive structures were documented through photographs taken on May 7 and 8, 2015.